CIPA Journal

December 2025 / Volume 54 / Number 12

Cover Story

Infringement by equivalence: When the doctrine of equivalents doesn’t quite line up

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The Doctrine of Equivalents in Pharmaceutical Actions

The doctrine of equivalents continues to play a pivotal role in pharmaceutical patent litigation, particularly where generic products seek to avoid literal claim language through minor modifications. Brian D. Coggio…

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G1/23 – a harmonious recast of the European law of Enablement (Pt 2 of 2)

In the second of a two-part article about the Enlarged Board of Appeal decision G1/23 on public prior use Greg Corcoran considers its application in all technical fields and the…

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Unified Patent Court Review 2025 – Part 2

Part 1 of this article was published in the November issue of the CIPA Journal, and addressed substantive UPC case law regarding claim construction, validity and infringement, as well as…

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The changing role of patent administrators

As IP grows in complexity and strategic importance, the role of patent administrators is undergoing a profound transformation. Once viewed as purely clerical support, today’s paralegals are emerging as confident,…

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